משנה: מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הָאִילָן מִן הָעִיר עֲשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ אַמָּה וְהֶחָרוּב וְהַשִּׁיקְמָה חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר כָּל־אִילַן סְרָק חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. אִם הָעִיר קָֽדְמָה קוֹצֵץ וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים. וְאִם הָאִילָן קָדַם קוֹצֵץ וְנוֹתֵן דָּמִים. סָפֵק זֶה קָדַם וְזֶה קָדַם קוֹצֵץ וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן דָּמִים. מַרְחִיקִין גּוֹרֶן קְבוּעָה מִן הָעיר חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה. לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם גּוֹרֶן קְבוּעָה בְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ לוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה לְכָל־רוּחַ. מַרְחִיק מִנְּטִיעוֹתָיו שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ וּמִנִּירוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַזִּיק. MISHNAH: One distances a tree from a town by 25 cubits; but carob tree or sycamore by 50 cubits; Abba Shaul says, every non-fruit tree by 50 cubits. If the town existed before the tree, one cuts it down and does not pay for it; if the tree existed before the town, one cuts it down83The developer of the town has the right to cut the surrounding trees down provided that he pay for them. and pays for it. If there is a doubt which one existed before the other, one cuts it down but does not pay84Since the burden of proof is on the claimant..
One distances a threshing floor 50 cubits from the town85Because the chaff flying from a threshing floor is unhealthy.. A person shall not make a threshing floor on his property unless he owns 50 cubits in each direction86The directions are N,E,S,W. He must own a 100 by 100 square, not only a circle of 50 cubits radius.. He distances it from another’s orchards or ploughed field so that he will not cause damage87In case of a dispute, the burden of proof is on him that he did not impair another person’s property..
הלכה: מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הָאִילָן מִן הָעִיר כול׳. מִשֵּׁם שֶׁעוֹמֵד וּמַאֲפִיל אוֹ מִשֵּׁם שֶׁנִּיאוֹ רַע. מַה מַפְקָה מִבֵּינֵיהוֹן. הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ. אִין תֵּימַר מִשֵּׁם שֶׁעוֹמֵד וּמַאֲפִיל. בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ מוּתָּר. וְאִין תֵּימַר מִשֵּׁם שֶׁנִּיאוֹ רַע. אֲפִילּוּ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ אָסוּר. HALAKHAH: “One distances a tree from a town,” etc.. אֲפִילוּ בְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ אָסוּר Because it creates shadow where it stands or because its falling leaves88This translation follows the reading of E שינויו, which S. Lieberman reads as שֶׁינְּוִיָּו, equivalent to Babli נְבִייָתוֹ (Avodah zarah 48b).
In the parallel, Babli 24b, the word is נויי which Maimonides (Šekhenim10:1), and Rashi by the absence of a commentary, understand as “beauty” but R. Gershom (correct text in Arukh completum s. v. ניא) explains the Babli’s “because of נויי” that all places in and around the town should be freely accessible (maybe for the fire brigade.) He seems to identify the Yerushalmi’s ניא with the Babli’s נויי. Torczyner and Ben Jehudah, in the latter’s Thesaurus, do not come to a conclusion as to meaning and etymology of the word. are dangerous? What is the difference between them? If it stands on one’s own property. If you say, because it creates shadow where it stands, on his property it is permitted. But it you say, because its motion is dangerous, even on his property it is forbidden.