משנה: לֹא יַחֲפּוֹר אָדָם בּוֹר סָמוּךְ לְבוֹרוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ וְלֹא שִׁיחַ וְלֹא מְעָרָה וְלֹא אַמַּת הַמַּיִם וְלֹא נִבְרֶכֶת הַכּוֹבְסִין אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הִרְחִיק מִכּוֹתֶל חֲבֵירוֹ ג̇ טְפָחִים וְסָד בְּסִיד. מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הַגֶּפֶת וְאֶת הַזֶּבֶל וְאֶת הַמֶּלַח וְאֶת הַסִּיד וְאֶת הַסְּלָעִים מִכּוֹתְלוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ ג̇ טְפָחִים אוֹ סָד בְּסִיד. מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הַזְּרָעִים וְאֶת הַמַּחֲרֵישָׁה וְאֶת מֵי רַגְלַיִם מִן הַכּוֹתֶל ג̇ טְפָחִים. מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הָרֵחַיִם ג̇ מִן הַשֶּׁכֶב שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הָרֶכֶב וְאֶת הַתַּנּוּר ג̇ מִן הַכִּלְייָא שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מַן הַשָּׂפָה. MISHNAH: A person may not dig a cistern close to his neighbor’s cistern, nor a ditch, nor a cave, nor a water canal, nor a washer’s pond except if he distanced himself from his neighbor’s wall three handbreadths and lined with lime¹Any construction with water has to be at a distance of three handbreadths and must be waterproofed.. One removes olive peat, and manure, and salt, and lime, and rocks²All except rocks are corrosive. from his neighbor’s wall three handbreadths or lines with lime³The wall must be insulated against the corrosive action of the dangerous materials.. One distances seeds, and ploughs⁴One does not plough closer than three handbreadths from a wall., and urine three handbreadths from the wall. One distances a grindstone⁵A grain mill worked by hand, consisting of a moving grindstone and a larger stationary stone base. three from the base, which means four from the moving stone, and the oven⁶The oven is a removable earthenware frustum of a cone sitting on a larger masonry base on which the fire burns. three from the base⁷Greek κοιλία “belly”; a stone or brick base which is concave in the middle for the fire; the frustum of the cone of the oven is placed on the rim which is higher than the place of the fire., which means four from its rim.

הלכה: לֹא יַחֲפּוֹר אָדָם בּוֹר כול׳. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא לֹא יַחֲפּוֹר אָדָם בּוֹר סָמוּךְ לְכוֹתֶל בּוֹרוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ. וְלֹא שִׁיחַ וְלֹא מְעָרָה וְלֹא אַמַּת הַמַּיִם וְלֹא נִבְרֶכֶת שֶׁל כּוֹבְסִין אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הִרְחִיק מִן כּוֹתְלוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ שְּׁלֹשָּׁה טְפָחִים וְסָד בְּסִיד. אִם סָד בְּסִיד כָּל־שֶׁהוּא. אִם לֹא סָד בְּסִיד שְׁלֹשָּׁה טְפָחִים. מֵהָדָא. מַרְחִיקִין הַגֶּפֶת וְהַזֶּבֶל וְהַמֶּלַח וְהַסִּיד וְהַסְּלָעִים מִכּוֹתֶל חֲבֵירוֹ ג̇ טְפָחִים אוֹ סָד בְּסִיד. הָכָא אַתָּ מַר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַסְּלָעִין מַרְתִּיחִין. וָכָא אַתָּ מַר. אֵין מַרְתִּיחִין. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. כָּאן וְכָאן אֵין הַסְּלָעִים מַרְתִּיחִין. אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹשִׂין עָפָר תּוֹחֵחַ וּמַלְקִין אֶת אַרְצוֹת הַכּוֹתֶל. HALAKHAH: “A person may not dig a cistern,” etc. So is the Mishnah: “[A person may not dig a cistern close to the wall of his neighbor’s cistern. Nor a ditch, nor a cave, nor a water canal, nor a washer’s pond except if he distanced himself from his neighbor’s wall three handbreadths] and lined with lime⁸The text in brackets (in the Hebrew in a different type face) is from E, missing in L. According to L, one insists that in this sentence one reads וְסָד in contrast to the next, which reads אוֹ סָד. According to E, one specifies that the minimal distance is only required between the walls of the cisterns, not the surroundings (which inside a person’s domain are four cubits, cf. Bava Batra 1:5:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bava_Batra.1.5.2">Chapter 1 Note 55). Then it is explained that וְסָד here and אוֹ סָד in the next sentence mean exactly the same, “or one lines.”. If he lined with lime, any distance. If he did not line with lime, three handbreadths. From the following: “One removes olive peat, and manure, and salt, and lime, and rocks from his neighbor’s wall three handbreadths or lines with lime.” Here you say, because rocks generate heat⁹Since rocks are mentioned together with olive peat and manure.. But there you say that they do not generate heat¹⁰In Mishnah Šabbat 4:1, olive peat, manure, salt, and lime are mentioned as generating heat and therefore forbidden as material in which food can be stored for use on the Sabbath. The omission of rocks implies that they do not generate heat.. Rebbi Yose said, in no case do rocks generate heat¹¹The Babli disagrees, 19a. Cf. Bava Batra 19a:13:1" href="/Rashi_on_Bava_Batra.19a.13.1">Rashi, s. v. הנך משום, Bava Batra 19a:13:1" href="/Tosafot_on_Bava_Batra.19a.13.1">Tosaphot s. v. משום דמשתכי.. But because they loosen the earth and damage the ground around the wall¹²All rules of this Mishnah are derived from the principle that no activity on one person’s grounds should endanger another’s buildings..

תַּנֵּי. בְּצוֹנָם מוּתָּר. וְהֵיךְ אָֽמְרִין. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן נְפַק מִכְּנִישְׁתָּא וְשָׁפַךְ מַיִם לוֹחֲרֵי תַּרְעָא. וְלָא יָֽדְעִין אִי מִשּׁוּם דַּהֲוָה צוֹנָם וְאִין מִשּׁוּם דַּהֲוָה בֵיהּ צַעַר וְלָא הֲוָה יְכִיל מְסוּבָּר. It was stated¹³Tosephta 1:4; Babli 19b.: “If it was solid rock, it is permitted¹⁴To urinate at a wall..” As we say, Rebbi Joḥanan left the synagogue and let water behind the door. But we do not know whether it was because it was solid rock or because he suffered pain and could no bear it¹⁵In the Babli, the statement is accepted as practice..

הָדָא דְתֵימַר. בְּרֵיחַיָּא דְתַמָּן. בְּרַם בְּרֵיחַיָּא דִידָן שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הָאִיצְטְרוֹבִיל שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה מִן הַקֶּלֶת. וְאֶת הַתַּנּוּר ג̇ מִן הַכִּילְיָא שֶׁהֵן ד̇ מַן הַשָּׂפָה. רִבִּי יוּדָן בֶּן פָּזִי אָמַר. מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלִפְנִים. וְרַבָּנִן אָֽמְרֵי. מִן הַשָּׂפָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלַחוּץ. הָיָה עָשׂוּי כְּשׁוֹבָךְ מָהוּ. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מֵהָדָא. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר. עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא תַחְתָּיו מַעֲזֵיבָה ג̇ טְפָחִים וּבְכִירָה טֶפַח. וְכִירָה לֹא כְמִין שׁוֹבַךְ הִיא עֲשׂוּיָה. וְתֵימַר. בֵּין מִלְּמַעֲלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן טֶפַח. וָכָא בֵּין מִלְּמַעֲלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן ג̇ טְפָחִים. This means, about grindstones there¹⁶In Babylonia., but for our grindstones three from the pine cone¹⁷Greek στρόβιλος. The grindstone was shaped like a pine cone with a handle on top by which it was moved. which is four from the enclosure¹⁸The wooden enclosure around the immovable stone basis of the grindstone.. “And the oven three from the base which are four from its rim.” Rebbi Yudan bar Pazi said, from the outer rim inwards; but the rabbis say, from the inner rim outwards¹⁹The distance of four handbreadths from the oven for R. Yudan bar Pazy is measured from the outside of the wall of the oven, for the rabbis from the inside.. If if was built like a dovecote²⁰If the oven is not shaped like a cone but like a cube., what [are the rules]? Let us hear from the following²¹Tosephta 1:3; cf. Mishnah 2. The cone-shaped oven, with a fire at the bottom and a hole on top, is made to create a draft and, therefore, is much hotter than the stove which is an earthenware cube with a circular hole on top for the pot, where the fire is lit on the clay bottom.: “Rebbi Jehudah said, unless there be under it insulating material three handbreadths and for a stove one handbreadth.” Is a stove not build like a dovecote, and you say both above and below a handbreadth? Also here, both above and below a handbreadth²²If the stove is used inside the house, it needs fireproofing material on the floor, the ceiling, and the nearby wall..