לא תשנא את אחיך. הפך ואהבת לרעך והנה אלה המצות כולם נטועות בלב ובהשמרם ישבו בארץ כי על שנאת חנם חרב בית שני: THOU SHALT NOT HATE THY BROTHER IN THY HEART. This is the reverse of but thou shalt love thy neighbor (v. 18). Now all of these commandments are implanted in the heart.61They are rational laws. See I.E. on Ex. 20:1 (Vol. 1, pp. 407,408); Yesod Mora, Chapter 5. Israel will dwell in the land when they observe them, for the second temple was destroyed because of hatred of one’s neighbor for no reason.62Yoma 10:9.
הוכח תוכיח. שמא תחשדהו בדבר ולא היה כן וזה טעם ולא תשא עליו חטא כי עונש יהיה לך בעבורו: THOU SHALT SURELY REBUKE THY NEIGHBOR. Perhaps you suspected him of something which was not so.63If you rebuke your neighbor he may explain himself and you will learn that you had no reason to be angry at him. The meaning of and not bear sin because of him is that you be punished because of him.64If you suspect him of something of which he is innocent (Weiser).