Ibn Ezra on Exodus 19:10

ויאמר. וקדשתם היום ומחר. הנה הרחיב להם זמן להתקדש שאר זה היום ומחר: AND THE LORD SAID…SANCTIFY THEM TO-DAY AND TOMORROW. Observe, God enlarged the time allotted for Israel’s sanctification by giving them the rest of this day and the morrow.¹⁰⁰To sanctify themselves.

וטעם וקדשתם. שירחצו במים. ויורה על זה וכבסו שמלותם. כדרך ואם לא יכבם ובשרו לא ירחץ. על כן אמר משה אל תגשו אל אשה מעתה שיהיו קדושים ולא טמאים. ומי שנגש אל אשה יתקדש. כדרך והיא מתקדשת מטומאתה: [AND SANCTIFY THEM.] By washing in water. This is indicated by and let them wash their garments.¹⁰¹Which follows. As their garments were sanctified by washing, so were they sanctified by washing themselves. Our verse is to be interpreted after the manner of But if he wash them not, nor bathe his flesh (Lev. 17:16). Moses therefore said, starting from now, come not near a woman (v. 15) so that they would be sanctified and not be unclean. One who drew near to a women should sanctify himself,¹⁰²By bathing. as in for she was purified¹⁰³By bathing. See II Sam. 11:2. from her uncleanliness (II Sam. 11:4).

והיו נכנים. אולי לא יישן אדם בהם בלילה. שישמעו קול ה' בבקר. כדרך כהן גדול ביום הכפורים: AND BE READY. Its meaning might be that no person among them should sleep during the night, after the manner of the high priest on Yom Kippur,¹⁰⁴The high priest did not sleep the entire night of Yom Kippur. See Mishnah Yoma 1:7. Ibn Ezra takes issue with Midrash, which states that Israel overslept on the morning that the Torah was given. See chapter 42 of Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer. as Israel would hear God’s voice in the morning.