כל מלאכה. פרש"י אפי' ע"י אחרים וקשה להר' משה דבשבת אמרי' דאמירה לעכו"ם שבות מדרבנן והכא משמע דמן התורה. וי"ל דאסמכתא בעלמא היא אי נמי על ידי אחרים דפרש"י ר"ל ע"י בנו ובתו הקטנים ואע"ג דנפק מלא תעשה כל מלאכה אתה ובנך ובתך ה"מ שבת דחמירא איסוריה אבל י"ט לא קמ"ל: כל מלאכה, “all manner of work;” Rashi explains the word כל, “all,” as including work performed for the Israelite in question on his behalf by others. Rabbi Moshe had difficulty with Rashi’s commentary here seeing that the Talmud in tractate Shabbat folio 150 states that the prohibition to ask gentiles to perform work for us on the Sabbath is of rabbinic origin, so how could it have been described from a verse in the Torah? We must therefore assume that what Rashi meant is that he understood the word כל as only what is known as an assmachta, a “support” from a word in the text, not a direct command. Alternately, what Rashi meant when he wrote: על ידי אחרים, “by others,” referred to other members of his household such as sons or daughters who are still minors. Although this prohibition has been spelled out in Exodus 20,10 in the Ten Commandments, this might have been understood as referring only to work performed on the Sabbath, the penalty for which is far more severe. The word כל, here therefore includes days of a festival.
הוא לבדו יעשה לכם. סימן לא בד"ו פסח כלו' בד"ו יעשה לכם: הוא לבדו יעשה לכם, “only it may be performed for you.” The apparently extraneous word ל-בדו is meant to remind us that the first day of Passover must not occur (i.e. The rabbis arranging the calendar must see to this) on either the second, the fourth, or the sixth day of the week. [The reason is connected to the inconvenience caused the people then with the days on which Rosh Hashanah or Yom Kippur would occur. Ed.]